[M4IF Technotes] Use of B-frames

[Larry Pearlstein]

Gregorio,
You may want to look at:
SPIE Proceedings Vol. 2308 
Visual Communications and Image Processing '94
Paper #: 2308-139
Adaptive frame type selection for low bit-rate video coding,
pp.1411-1422
Author(s):  Jungwoo Lee, Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ, USA;
            Bradley W. Dickinson, Princeton Univ., Princeton,
            NJ, USA.
and also ...
J. Lee, and Bradley W. Dickinson, "Rate Distortion Optimized Frame Type
Selection for MPEG Encoding," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for
Video Technology, Vol. 7, No. 3, June 1997. 
Their experiments show cases where the optimal pattern of frame types is
based on a surprisingly high number of B frames.
				Best wishes,
				Larry
-----Original Message-----
From: Ramkishor Korada [mailto:ramki   emuzed.com]
Sent: Monday, October 15, 2023 12:12 AM
To: Gregorio Litinsky; technotes   lists.m4if.org
Subject: Re: [M4IF Technotes] Use of B-frames
Hi,
     Answers to some of the questions.
----- Original Message -----
From: "Gregorio Litinsky" <gregorio_litinsky   hotmail.com>
To: <technotes   lists.m4if.org>
Sent: Sunday, October 14, 2023 8:54 PM
Subject: [M4IF Technotes] Use of B-frames
> Dear Colleagues:
>
> I am investigating the use and benefits of B-frames for low bit rate
> communication.
>
> As you all probably know, B-frames are commonly used in MPEG-1 and MPEG-2
> compression. They are bi-directionally predicted in the same fashion from
> either preceding or subsequent I- or P-frames. Where a P-frame generally
> requires 1/2 of the data of an I-frame, a B-frame requires only 1/4.
>
> Could you please help me with the following questions:
>
> 1. What is the minimum bit and frame rate where B-frames improve the
> quality? A minimum of 10 fps and 144 Kbps has been mentioned.
> 2. Which profile supports B-frames? MPEG-4 Simple  Scalable Visual Profile
> supports B-frames, but I understand that this profile requires support for
> temporal and spatial scalability? Is it possible from a compliance
> perspective to only support B-frames in the MPEG-4 Simple  Scalable Visual
> Profile?

 Many profiles supoort B frames. Refer to Section 9 on profiles and levels
for further details.
> 3. H.263 (Profile 8) does also support B-frames (Annex M). Is this codec
> better than MPEG-4 Simple  Scalable Visual Profile?
> 4. Does the MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Visual Profile support B-frames?

 Yes..
> 5. Does the new H.26L codec support B-frames?
    Yes.
> 6. Which profile/codes do you recommend for supporting B-frames?

     In case of MPEG-4, advanced simple profile.
> 7. Where can I find documentation about profiles/codecs supporting
B-frames?
>
     Section 9.
> Best Regards,
>
> 	Litinsky
> Consultant
>

Architect - Video
Multimedia Technologies Division
Emuzed India
Bangalore
www.emuzed.com
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